Racism in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye Essay - 1955 Words

Since childhood, we all have been taught that â€Å"racism is bad† and should be avoided at all costs. We have been told that â€Å"everyone is a child of God and we are all created equal.† In fact, Americans are praised for the so-called equality they possess. However, renowned author Toni Morrison sheds light on the sheltered and unspoken truth that everyone—to some extent—is racist. â€Å"Home† is a reflective essay in which Morrison explains that her triumphs against racist ideologies are evident throughout her various novels (â€Å"Home† 3). In Morrison’s first novel, The Bluest Eye, instead of establishing a home where race does not matter—a home which she dreams of in her essay—she creates just the opposite (3). In this novel, by using direct†¦show more content†¦The middle class black society and the lower class black society, for example, are quite different from each other and are constantly conflicting . In The Bluest Eye, Morrison distinguishes these divisions and their tensions through characters like Geraldine, Junior, and Maureen Peal, who represent the privileged division of black culture. On the contrary, the less privileged division is represented by the MacTeer family and the â€Å"relentlessly and aggressively ugly† Breedlove family (The Bluest Eye 38). Tension between the divided African American society is clearly represented by such characterizations throughout Morrison’s novel. Characters Claudia and Frieda MacTeer show envious disapproval towards Maureen Peal, a wealthy and stylish lighter-skinned African American girl who the girls refer to as a â€Å"disrupter of seasons† (62). Maureen’s character introduces the disruptive and wealthy society within the novel making the division between classes in black culture more apparent. The girls—clearly representing separate societal classes—do not relate to one another despite their shared race. Verifying that Maureen defines perfection in a black society, Claudia and Frieda had to â€Å"[look] hard to find [Maureen’s] flaws to restore [their] equilibrium† (63). The self-conscious girls literally search for any apparent faults middle-class Maureen may have in order to make themselves feel better about their â€Å"less beautiful† appearance and lower rank in society. TensionShow MoreRelatedRacism And Sexism In Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye2105 Words   |  9 PagesHow does racism and sexism play a part in the novel, The Bluest Eye? Have you ever experienced or seen racism and/or sexism and you were not able to help make the situation better? Throughout the novel The Bluest Eye, the author, Toni Morrison takes us on a journey of an eleven-year-old girl named Pecola Breedlove whose love for blond hair and blue eyes affects how she perceives everyone around her. The novel takes place in Lorain, Ohio where Morrison grew up. Pecola wishes for blue eyes because sheRead MoreRacism By Toni Morrison Analysis982 Words   |  4 PagesThe noble laureate winning author Toni Morrison comments that â€Å"racism hurts in a very personal way† (Bouson 103). This might be a hint towards the long term generational consequences that racism causes. Having the entire future generation jeopardized by the concept of racism is indeed a pain that will hurt anyone who has love for his/her community. Morrison believes that the lives and relationships of people are affected by racism as she remarks â€Å"Because of it, people do al l sorts of things in theirRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bluest Eye1555 Words   |  7 Pages The Bluest Eeye Bbackground A woman’s race and the time period she lives in influences not only whether she will be a victim of sexual assault but also, the punishment of the offender. Toni Morrison, The author of The Bluest Eye, a victim of segregation, deals with sexual assault and segregation in her book. Chole Anthony Wofford, who goes by the name of Toni Morrison when writing her books, was born in Lorain, Ohio on February 18, 1931. Her father had several jobs to supportRead MoreWoman Is The Nigger Of The Wolrd: The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison934 Words   |  4 Pagesnot only been looked down upon by white people, they have been dehumanized. Toni Morrison is controversial for pillorying this topic, that has been silenced by white society for years, not from the ‘Master Narrative’ perspective, that is the white male one’s, but from the exact opposite of this: an African-American girl. By doing this, she does not only awake pity for Pecola at the reader but also show how anti -black racism is constructed by social forces, interracially as well as intra-racially. MorrisonRead MoreSelf-Hatred and the Aesthetics of Beauty in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison1287 Words   |  6 PagesBeauty in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Topic: Discuss the issues of self-hatred and the aesthetics of beauty in The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison. What role do they play in the novel and how do they relate to its theme? Self-hatred leads to self-destruction†¦ Self-hatred is something that can thoroughly destroy an individual. As it was fictitiously evidenced in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, it can lead an individual to insanity. Toni Morrison raises the idea that racism and class canRead MoreRacism And Discrimination On African Americans1210 Words   |  5 Pagesthe impact of racism and discrimination on African Americans through her frequent use of symbolism.2 In The Bluest Eye, an extremely important symbol is blue eyes (Crayton 73). Blue eyes are used to symbolize racially based beauty standards and the power associated with whiteness (â€Å"Bluest† LitCharts). In the novel, society believes that if a person does not have white skin, he or she is not beautiful. Pecola Breedlove falls victim to this widespread belief and longs to possess blue eyes. In her worldRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison956 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Slavery Influenced the Characters of The Bluest Eye Unlike so many pieces of American literature that involve and examine the history of slavery and the years of intensely-entrenched racism that ensued, the overall plot of the novel, The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison, does not necessarily involve slavery directly, but rather examines the aftermath by delving into African-American self-hatred. Nearly all of the main characters in The Bluest Eye who are African American are dominated by the endlessRead More The Importance of the Eye in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye Essay example1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of the Eye in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye      Ã‚  Ã‚   In Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye, the characters eyes are everything. The word eye appears over and over with rich adjectives that describe color, movement, and nuance of expression to signify a characters mood and psychological state. Morrison emphasizes the paradox of eyes: Eyes are at times a window to enlightenment, however, what eyes see is not always objective truth, but instead a distortion of reality into whatRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison Essay1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, encompasses the themes of youth, gender, and race. The African American Civil Rights Movement had recently ended at the time the novel was written. In the book, Morrison utilizes a first-person story to convey her views on racial inequality. The protagonist and her friends find themselves in moments where they are filled with embarrassment and have a wish to flee such events. Since they are female African Americans, they are humiliated in society. One of Morrison’sRead MoreToni Morrison: the Bluest Eye and Sula Essay2313 Words   |  10 Pagestook the place of pamphlets, poems, and novels. Themes such as the quest for freedom, the nature of evil, and the powerful verses the powerless became the themes of African- American literature. In a book called Fiction and Folklore: the novels of Toni Morrision author Trudier Harris explains that Early folk beliefs were so powerful a force in the lives of slaves that their masters sought to co-opt that power. Slave masters used such beliefs in an attempt to control the behavior of their slaves(Harris

Distribution Channels and Supply Chain Management in...

Article Overview: (30%) In this chapter, the authors focus on how technology firms manage complexities of distribution channels and supply chains to successfully deliver products in high-tech market. The authors claim that effective managing distribution helps the firms to reduce redundancies and inefficiencies in their production system. Consequently, the firms can improve their alliances’ relationships (i.e., customers, suppliers, manufacturers and distributors) that increase customer satisfaction and cost advantage. However, if firms have ineffective channel strategies, conflicts between firms and their alliances can be occurred. Because they usually have different goals, they think that they cannot solve the conflicts by common†¦show more content†¦Similarly, the firms can use these plans (or â€Å"relational norms†) to share mutual benefits and improve collaborative communication among the members. Hybrid channels are introduced to help firms to increase m arket share, keep cost efficiency and reduce conflicts. The hybrid channels are also designed associated with customer relationship management (â€Å"CRM†) to hit customer demands at the right time and to facilitate customers to comfortably access the products in several ways. Moreover, there are two indicators used to evaluate whether channel performance has capabilities or not. First, quantitative indicator concentrates on sale volumes of intermediaries and the market share of manufacturers. Second, qualitative indicators evaluate channel performance based on how efficiency the collaboration between suppliers, dealers and manufacturers is. Regarding supply chains, firms should design supply chain plans to handle product demand and supply uncertainties. In addition, firms can apply technology that can be used to improve more effectively the capabilities of supply chain management. For example, firms can check their product stocks via the Internet (e.g., Online platform). To control stocks, firm can use â€Å"RFID† to automatically count the amount of products. Key Learning Points: (30%) †¢ Some people believe that direct channels can reduce prices of products.Show MoreRelatedCase Study Of Personal Computers In The U. S. Consumers861 Words   |  4 Pagesretailers to have on site tech support teams that specialize in building and customizing personal computers. The number of customizations being demanded from consumers will determine the turnaround delivery time. Giving more relatable and personal customer service to U.S. consumers will create more confidence in patronizing local retailers. 2. Does the simultaneous use of multiple sales/distributions channels (e.g., direct online sales and sales through retail stores) create a channel conflict? The opportunityRead MoreIntroduction to Supply Chain Management System: Dell Computer Corporation1451 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Supply Chain Management (SCM) System Supply chain management (SCM) is the combination of activities which help a company to improve the methods to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. (Larson, 2004) SCM encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing, procurement, conversion, and logistics management activities. 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Moreover, the company was emphasizing more and more on shareholder value and customer responsiveness so they were looking into reengineering some of their processes which can help improve their current forecasting model and reduce OTD cycle times substantially. With new business models prevailing, Ford did not want to be left behind; they were looking at high-tech industry’s growthRead MoreAnalysis of A Spain-Based Retailer: Zara803 Words   |  3 PagesSpain-based, low cost retailer has a supply chain management and hard to replicate. Surprisingly, they prompt the customers to buy the clothes the moment they see it and not wait for the discounts. Small and recurrent shipments are the reason for this. The supply chain management and the policy mentioned above gives Zara a competitive advantage over other Fashion retailers. Zara believes speed and responsiveness are the important factors than cost. Zara is chain store of Inditex. Its headquartersRead MoreOperations strategy of HUL1694 Words   |  7 Pagesfast moving consumer goods industry in the Indian market which was formed in 1933 as Lever Brothers India Limited. Its headquarter is in Mumbai, India. The company provides employment for more than 41,000 employees. With its 20 plus brands it announces its presence to various consumer segments. HUL covers about 6.4 million outlets in all over the country. The HUL products have made their presence in our country so strong that according to Nielsen Market Research, two out of three Indian consumers useRead MoreGeneral Motors Supply Chain Essay1574 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Over the years, the U. S. auto industrys market has been experiencing fluctuations due to many reasons including: price, quality and foreign competition. General Motors Corporation (GM) which had been the leading car and truck manufacturer had been experiencing declining market share and facing stiff competition from both U.S manufacturers and foreign imports such as the Asian auto producers that included Toyota, Honda and Nissan. The main reason for increased foreign competition wasRead MoreMarketing Plan For Wal Mart Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesstarted in 1980 the plan to expand nationwide, and in 1990s Target created what is considered as a new store formats. One of Target keys to success was its low price, high quality products among other retailers. In 2000 the company got its name The company got the name Target in 2000. While Target failed to enter the Canadian market due to a security and price issues, the company had a huge success in the United States. The design that was adapted by Target would differentiate the brand from otherRead MoreThe Supply Chain Of Zara Essay1140 Words   |  5 Pagesclothing. It always keeps in mind to improve their production quality. Supply chain management is the intercorrection of organizations managements that relate to each other through linkages between processes that produce value to customer. The term supply network refers to all operations that were linked together to provide goods and services through this network along individual channels or standards of that network. The supply chain of Zara is unique. Currently they call for manufacturers to outsourceRead MoreManagement of Marketing Channels Assignment2640 Words   |  11 PagesManagement Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent Faculty of Business Marketing Management of Marketing Channels Assignment Name: Gafurov Nodirbek Batch#: B0900377 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 The Role of Supply Chain Management 5 Flextronics Logistics Management 7 Reverse Logistics 9 Flextronics in Channel Management 10 References: 12 Executive Summary This assignment demonstrates the most key business areas of the given, Flextronics

Role of Advertising in Newspapers Free Essays

The Role of Advertising in Newspapers Revenues from sales of advertising pay for the bulk of the costs of newspaper production. That’s why the reading public pays so little for its newspaper. What is advertising? An advertisement is a message designed to sell the advertiser’s goods or services to prospective buyers. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Advertising in Newspapers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Types of newspaper advertising There are two types of newspaper advertising – display and classified. A display advertisement is a written message, often accompanied by an illustration or photograph, which can be placed in any section of the newspaper. A classified ad refers to those advertisements that are separated into specific classifications and located in one or more sections of the newspaper. Display advertisements There are two types of display ads found in the newspaper – national and local. National advertising usually refers to products that are promoted on a nation-wide basis, such as automobiles and brand-name products or retail chains. Local advertising is used to promote local, regional or national products. The ad is written, however, to appear in the local market. When placing a display ad, the advertiser is charged by the amount of space the ad occupies in the newspaper. The price of the space varies with certain factors: †¢Newspaper circulation (the larger the circulation the higher the price charged) †¢Size of ad †¢Use of colour †¢Guaranteed position in newspaper †¢Day the advertisement runs †¢Advertising frequency To attract a reader’s attention and to sell a product, many techniques are used in the creation of a display ad. As a result, these ads are usually professionally prepared in creative services departments of the newspaper, the advertiser or a contracted advertising agency. The physical appearance of an advertisement often determines its attractiveness to the reader. Some aspects considered in ad preparation are: †¢Size of the ad †¢Use of colour †¢Amount of white space, i. e. , not too crowded †¢Graphics chosen †¢Type style and size of text The information included in an ad can definitely influence its effectiveness in selling a product. Some display ads are purely factual and appeal to reason. Information in these ads usually relates to: †¢Quality of the product †¢Price or value of the product †¢General description of the product Guarantee of the product Other display ads appeal to the emotions of the consumer and may emphasise: †¢Brand loyalty – the advertiser wants you to identify with and continue buying established brands. †¢Conformity – the â€Å"everybody is buying this particular brand or item† approach. †¢Hero worship – endorsement of a product by a personality i n entertainment or sports. †¢Status – an appeal to the buyer’s ego. †¢Humour – entertaining, but deceptive; says little about the product. †¢Personal attractiveness – a wishful-thinking ad appealing to a particular feminine/masculine image. Style changes – the buyer is asked to keep up with the times. †¢Vanity – this kind of ad appeals to the buyer’s self image or ego-gratification where the buyer’s happiness comes first. †¢Economy – everyone likes to think he or she can economise while spending. †¢Luxury – symbols of wealth and excess. †¢Convenience – work and time-saving devices. †¢Lifestyle – the advertisement associates a certain lifestyle with a product. †¢Security – this covers many kinds of security: emotional, personal, financial, etc. †¢Sex – the ad uses the lure of sex appeal. It is similar to the appeals of feminine and masculine attractiveness. Keep in mind that more than one appeal may be found in the same ad. Classified ads Classified ads are not written by creative service departments, but by individuals wishing to advertise goods and services available or needed. When placing a classified ad, advertisers are usually charged by the line. As a result, classified ads are brief. The price varies with the number of insertions desired and the particular days chosen. For example, the unit cost of an ad may decrease if it is run all week. On the other hand, a premium could be added to the cost if a high circulation day is chosen, such as Saturday. In some cities and towns different days are popular for certain types of ads. In your area, for example, Saturday may be a heavy real estate day, while Monday may be popular for car and truck ads. Placing a classified ad is very simple. One dials the classified advertising department of the newspaper and a trained operator assists in the placing of the ad. The operator will also help in the writing of the ad and in the selection of insertion dates. The process can also be done on-line. The classified ad section is organised to assist readers in locating relevant information. Many classified ad readers have specific goals in mind, rather than casual browsing. The classified ads – as their name implies – are grouped together according to product or service type. An overall index conveniently directs readers to each specific category, within which listings are arranged alphabetically. A newspaper is any printed periodical or work containing public news or comments on public news. Each newspaper tries to win the heart and loyalty of its readers through news and views, articles, pictures, poems, cartoons, editorials, presentation techniques and exclusive stories and news items. It censures the corrupt and the erring. It airs public grievances sad reflects public opinion through letters to the press. Napoleon feared four hostile newspapers more than a thousand bayonets. According to him â€Å"a newspaper is a grumbler, censurer, a giver of advice, a regent of sovereigns, a tutor of nations. ‘ Gopal Krishna Gokhale considered the newspapers to be the rousers and the sentinels of the voice of people. In India newspapers have a vital role to play and an important duty to perform, both as ‘vox populi’ (voice of the people) and as builder of public opinion. In this sense, it is the ‘people’s university’—book, pulpit, platform, forum, theatre and counselor, all in one. There is no interest—literary, social, politi cal, religious, commercial, economic, scientific, technological, agricultural, mechanical, cultural, histrionic and so on and so forth—which is not covered â€Å"by the news-paper. There, a vast majority of the people in this country are still illiterate or at least unenlightened, even among the literate persons, about two-thirds do not read newspaper regularly. The Indian masses lack intellectual capacity and comprehension required in reading a newspaper. Approximately 17 percent of people read newspapers and out these dot even half of the people read editorials, comments or serious initial articles. The rest content themselves by reading the headlines or the topical news. Young men read sports news and film reviews, the businessmen confine themselves to market reports about shares, stocks and the prices of gold, silver and essential commodi ¬ties. Only old, retired people pour over the newspaper from end to end, and that too because they have no other pastime to pass time. This shows that the number of those who have genuine interest in newspapers is very low. But it is these people—national and state leaders, teachers, lawyers, philosophers, academicians, technocrats and bureaucrats—who form the intellectual and intelligent section of the Indian society. They speak for the common people and voice their grievances against mismanagement of public affairs. They serve as a link between the rulers and the rated, the government and the people and complete the chain of action and reaction. The newspapers in India perform their pole as guardians of the public interest, watch-dogs and a source of all kinds of informa ¬tion. They are not State-controlled, as in U. S. S. R. and Pakistan, they enjoy freedom of expression. Of course, they must function within the bounds of law. They must not infringe the law regarding libel and deformation, otherwise they would be liable to penal action. Even the restricted freedom of the Indian newspapers it the envy of the journalists in other countries of Asia where there has been a prolonged spell of military dictatorship, autocratic rule or emergency. In India, the newspapers keep a powerful check on the mis ¬deeds, the tyranny and this, corrupt practices of the government. Thomas Jefferson paid rich tributes to this function of the newspaper when he said, â€Å"Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. However, all newspapers do not play a positive end construc ¬tive role expected of them. There is a section of newspapers in India, which indulges in blackmail, extortion of money and distor ¬tion of facts and news. This yellow journalism is despicable. Such newspapers violate all ethical standards and adopt a purely merce ¬nary and anti-national attitude. This is sub-standard and base Journ alism. They should be treated like smugglers, black-marketers and drug-pedlars and antisocial elements and should be dealt with an iron-hand. What Jefferson said about newspapers in America applies to newspapers in India also. ‘I Chapter, truth; II Chapter, probabilities; third, possibilities; fourth, lies; fifth, blatant lies; and the first chapter is the shortest,† Most of the country’s leading newspapers are owned or domi ¬nated by big industrial houses and capitalists—Birja, Dalmia, Express group, As a result, the interests of the general public are often sacri ¬ficed at the altar of capitalism and business interests. Moreover, the lion’s share of the total circulation of newspapers, a little above 5crore, belongs to the bigger dailies published from Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, the metropolitan towns. The national dailies enjoy a great deal of influence and command huge resources. But the smaller newspapers, that are published in the regional languages and that have a smaller circulation, have to face perpetual financial crisis and are often forced to close down. This belies the Govern ¬ment policy of patronizing smaller newspapers and imposing rest ¬raints in bigger newspapers. In several countries abroad, especially in the West, newspapers have power to make and break governments; but in India news ¬papers do not carry much weight and do not cut much ice. The Government does not pay much heed to their views and does not respond to their criticism for the simple reason that it commands a colossal majority in the Parliament. Gloating over absolute majority, the Government even tries to shifle free press (as has several times been done in the case of the Indian Express group of papers). One common method of pressurising newspapers that the Central or State Governments in India adopt is to stop giving adver ¬tisements and notifications released by the Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity (D. A. V. P. , Government departments and public sector enterprises; to such newspapers as do not cringe and adopt a fawning attitude and thus made them suffer financially. Advertisements are sometimes used as a weapon to corapell complia ¬nce, for it would be impossible for a newspaper to survive without advertisements, the prop and the life-blood of all journalism. A num ¬ber of such cases have been taken up in the Press Council of Indi a and have been commented upon. Another method is that of stopp ¬ing or substantially cutting down the supply of newsprint paper quota to such ‘dare-devil’ newspapers. Newspapers in this renaissance country should regard their pro ¬fession as a noble mission of educating and enlightening people. They should impose certain moral and national restraints and discipline upon themselves. They should refrain from indulging Its rumors and turning out biased information and distorted truths from ulte ¬rior motives. As purveyors of news and views, they should play the rote of ‘people’s university’ and serve the motherland as guardians and custodians of people’s liberty. How to cite Role of Advertising in Newspapers, Essay examples

Variation Orders In Highway Project In Sultanate Of Oman - Samples

Question: Discuss about Variation Orders In Highway Project In Sultanate Of Oman. Answer: Introduction Oman is a GCC country that has been part of a high growth especially in the construction sector plus a fast growth in the population. There is large group of young people coming in hence higher demand usually for housing plus other building start-ups at Muscat the capital city bringing in a tourism appeal, there are other construction sectors involving the industrial plus the transport at Sohar, Salalah plus Duqm sites also are the development of seaports and airports, the utilities, does do reconstruct the governmental buildings, some of the landmarks projects. As the saying goes where there are advantages, there are disadvantages too hence the construction project at Oman does do have its challenges (Ramady, 2014). The variations that are usually issued that is during construction happens to be time-consuming plus are also costly hence being causes of disruption, of delay, of disputes plus does do generate a cost effect and this gets worse for there is no method available for controlling this. The contracting that is performed in Oman is connected to the construction-type projects instead of the services together with the supplies contracts. Often some changes do occur that is during contract execution usually regarding the scope changes, some of the variations that are in quantities, the changes that are in design, the extension of time plus the unit rate changes. The Omans most used standard construction contract is The Standard Documents for Building Civil Engineering (Choi, 2004). The article 51 usually entitled Alterations, the additions plus the omissions, gives that variations that is to the original area usually of works are often permissible as; Engineer must make variations of the quality or rather the quantity of Works or rather any area approved by the Employer hence order the Contractor to acting by; raising or rather lowering the amount of any task , to making a difference in the trait or rather the quality, to omitting any job, to making a difference in the levels, the lines set themselves together with the dimensions and finally to running the added work. Some more issues will most certainly arise as a consequence of any variations to the original scope of works. Such issues will likely manifest in both lump-sum and cost-reimbursement contracts and will need to be quickly redressed to circumvent any future disputes. Some common problems that will likely arise include reimbursement for supplies in which the contractor had previously purchased in anticipation for individual works; future modifications to monthly payment terms and interim certificates; time extensions as they relate to variation claims; the amount of retention money; and adjustments to the original contract value (Sanderson, 2006). What to find out when assessing the differences usually in this construction projects is one the causes of variations, their impact that is on the project, the identifying of the beneficial groups. The tasks included the presentation of actual case studies and preparation of a questionnaire. The causes of variations are requesting for extra job or rather changes because of new findings plus some other considerations, the owner making some requests for modification of work, unclearly of scope requirements at design stage, the failure to making decisions when required, the non-availability that is of the field construction site engineers , a poor communication that is in between the relevant governmental units plus the owner, the non-availability usually of the previous completed project records, the failing to giving the right information to tender documents, the non-anticipation of the designs natural growth, design periods that are usually not realistic, the scarcity of the engineer ing registration that is for the engineers in Oman so as to ensuring excellent consultancy services is well maintained, the shortage of usually of the whole project planning, the building schedule is not real including the conditions often for building are old plus usually do not match the activities of development already present. So as to determine the impacts of variation construction in Oman they had to one, delay the completion date, the cost had to overruns, the contractors had to incur other expenses, the claims plus disputes then the owner, the designer/consultant, the contractor did get advantaged that is from the giving of the variations that is to the contract (Chartered Institute of building Great Britain, 2014) The recommendations is by the setting of activities so as to minimize the changes in building in Oman such as a standard document usually should be developed so as to develop the stages from the start of the project till end, while a permanent standard document should be designed so as to covering all the construction regulations then permitting the required that is for projects usually built in Oman, a quantity surveyor together with the project manager should work with large built projects plus a conventional learning database system should be constructed and distributed among the governmental units, the technical committee establishment so as to reviewing the overall plan and finally reviewing of the registration that is the consulting companies plus allowing the design engineer to practice without professional license. Challenges There are the economic problems that are the additional cost and the incremental time. There are the capacity or rather the professional challenges such as the insufficiency of knowledge that is on green technologies together with material, the limited availability that is the green suppliers plus the information, limitation of quantitative evaluation tools, insufficiency of the construction codes plus the changes plus the limitation of professional capacity (Konar, 2011). There are the societal challenges too that do include the inadequacy of the political incentives, the refusal to change the traditional building processes and the limitation of public awareness. The technological issues are like the lack of sustainable technologies workability, the misunderstanding of the technical activities plus the restriction of enough green technological specifications. Parties in projects in Oman are the project owner or maker, the employers engineering, the architectural and other consultants, the employers contractor, the contractors subcontractors plus the suppliers (Konar, 2011). The Delay Causes In Construction Plans According to Keane Caletka, (2015) the design delays, the changes possible in the initial layout, the complexity, the construction delay, the variations plus the claims, the change of scope, the financial ability, the insufficiency of funds, the unavailability of themanagement team, unspecialized subcontractors, limitation of project management, restriction of experience of the consultant, inadequacy of knowledge of that is by the contractors Literature Review The construction of office complex Objective Staying within a reasonable budget, development of the car parks meant for the staffs plus the public users, the building of a multi-storey building so as to accommodate 750 workers, the providence of comfortable plus a fast communication together with IT services that is for the public, the maintenance of security service there and the construction of the consensus in between the requirements plus the minor essentials (Orstavik, Dainty Abbott, 2015). There are some of the criteria that are desired like the materials selected that is to a high standard, construction of external view that is to be Oman's building styles, design fitting traits widening and private service roads to be as per Royal Oman Police standards plus the classifications. The construction of Container Terminal Objectives The building of a container terminal, building of breakwater system, giving a comfortable plus a fast services for usually the vessels, bringing up of the existing services, the construction of berths so as increasing the terminal cargo capacity, being within a reasonable budget, the making of consensus that is in between the already there services plus the services that are in the list of requirement. The construction of road Objective The building of 6 km of internal road network for the purpose of connecting the internal central blocks plus the expressway highway, the substantial earthworks, the construction of the roundabouts, the guard rails, the traffic signs, the installing of the street lighting that is for six km road length plus the ticking done on the roads, the building of Ripraps that is along the path slopes, fixing of pipes plus the box culverts plus the construction of parking areas together with the substations of the power so as to offering power of the road services The Fast Ferry Service Project Involves the building of the fast ferry service equipment usually at the north area of Oman with the activities there being the construction of berthing facilities, of bridges that are linked, of the pontoons, of the mooring piles, of the building of water plus the sewage networks, the construction of custom plus the immigrant buildings, rearrangement of wastewater. The stages involved feasibility stage, the concept plus design stage, the young stages plus the building plus the maintenance stage (Rickman, 2008). Others Case Studies Khalid 2012, an MSc. Thesis was done for taking controls of the variation orders usually in water plus the wastewater projects in Jordan with the main effect being conflict in between the contact forms, the mistakes plus those left out in the design, to unforeseen issues, to the project place conditions differences, to the insufficiency model , to the differences that is in specifications, in the inadequate working drawings, the change that is in design that is by consultant, effects of the variation orders be completion time plan delay, more of project cost , more in the overhead cost, more payments for procurement delay plus the contractors. Priyantha et al., (2011) shown that the highways aids in the economic growth of the upcoming countries. Variations here is one of the issues that does do arise because of unclear scopes that is of the tasks defined at the beginning. Its primary objective was for recognizing, the causes plus the impacts that are of variations usually in highways construction. Lanka which was just a survey, a questionnaire survey targeting on finding out the causes of variations plus the semi-structured interviews carried out with getting data about nature plus the impacts of the changes. The outcome was the change in demand does do rise plus the mind power being reasons for an owner with the faults together with the layout differences in Bill of Quantities being for consultant originated variations (Woolley, 2001). Ming Sun (2009) let the cat out of the bag that on many building projects, the regular differences did land into cost overruns, to time delays, to quality faults. To fill the knowledge gap then reviewing plus synthesizing the already literature that is on project difference did causes plus the impacts, the coming up of two taxonomies for difference causes plus the difference effects and finally the illustration of how the taxonomies were being used. Arain and Peng (2005), explained on the coming up of the Knowledge Based Decision Support System (KBDSS) meant formanagement that is of variation orders for the institutional buildings that are in Singapore. KBDSS got two primary parts, a knowledgebase matched with the decision support shell that is for choosing the appropriate controls. So as to come up with the database then the accumulation of information that is from usually the source documents of 79 institutional construction projects, the questionnaire survey, the literature review. KBDSS does do exhibits their pertinent details plus as variations, the assortment of filtered knowledge. Sambasivan Soon (2005) said that the problem of delays usually within the construction industry is a worldwide phenomenon with the construction industry in Malaysia being included. The important objective is to finding out the delay variables effect that is on the job conclusion. According to the study were the following factors causing delay, the contractors improper preparation, the contractor's site mismanagement, insufficiency of the contractor expertise, the inadequacy of the owner's financing plus the payments that is for the finished work, the challenges that is with subcontractors plus an empirical relationship in between each cause plus impact. A. Koushki et al., (2005) carried out the delays plus cost rise usually in the construction that is of private residential projects that are in Kuwait, in the time-delays plus the cost increases often associated with the construction of private housing projects that is in the State of Kuwait were determined. Major projects Sakhel, Geissen, Vogelpohl, (2017) Oman Convention Exhibition Centre is one of the projects that accumulated US$1 billion, with the approximation end date being in 2016. Two was the Sohar Airport costing US$500 million, with an estimate end date being 2014. Three is the Salalah Port expansion that cost was US$450 million. Four was the Omans national rail network whose value is not defined till now, but the targeted end date is 2018. Five is the Duqm city, the drydocks plus the refinery whose cost is US$20 billion. Six is the Ghubrah Independent Water Project whose cost is US$380 million with the end date approximation being 2014. Seven is the Batinah Expressway whose cost is US$2.59 billion. Eight is the Muscat Salalah International Airport expansion whose cost is US$5.2 billion and finally is the Salalah Medical City with a cost of US$1 billion. Methodology The source of the data that was required was collected from the clients plus the consultantsrecords to show each activity carried out. The forms of data collection were usually designed by authors so as to unify the data collection that is for all delay. The indices for delay used for comparison involved the percentage of delay, the percentage of delay plus the average delay rate (Biddle Emmett, 2013) The secondary sources were the most used ones. I have studied the plans for the Oman construction from the booklets, the publications issued by this Ministry of development time to time about the topic plus from books, from newspapers, from magazine together with the internet. Also a good review on thirty-eight public building projects usually on non-similar project kinds together with the sizes that is plus the residential, the offices plus the infrastructure and the service projects with the aim of investigating the cost overrun status (Hamilton, 2005). Conclusions Construction is a labor-intensive industry making labor productivity to remain the industry's predominant identifier of performance. Amongst the biggest challenges facing the construction sector in the Sultanate of Oman is usually the low labor productivity hence if identification, exploration plus the ranking making is the goal. Issues that are caused by the delay usually incompletion that is of construction projects generally in Oman got to be diagnosed and assessed hence to conclusion that; the delay in building the projects in Oman between the 2007-2009 is greater than 40 percent that is usually the planned time, and according to this percentage it shows a high rate. The owners minding about the delay generally in the construction projects does do build up capabilities of studying their plans in each given stage. The maximum delay between 2007-2009 was found to be 300 per cent hence need for studying the planning plus the efficiency of the right building forums. 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